Class 10 Maths Chapter 11 Exercise 11.2 Solutions 2026 – Information Handling Notes PDF

Unit 11: Information Handling | Exercise 11.2 | Punjab Board New Syllabus 2026–27

Updated August 2026: Exercise 11.2 solutions for Information Handling have been uploaded below and are free to view or download, fully solved according to the new PCTB/PECTAA Class 10 Mathematics syllabus.

Describing Data With a Single Number

A full data set can be hard to interpret at a glance, but a handful of carefully chosen numbers can summarize it well. Exercise 11.2 introduces measures of central tendency — mean, median, and mode — which describe a data set’s “center,” along with measures of dispersion, which describe how spread out the values are.

Key Concepts Covered in Exercise 11.2

Mean, Median, and Mode

The mean is the sum of all values divided by their count. The median is the middle value when data is arranged in order (or the average of the two middle values for an even count). The mode is the value that occurs most frequently. Each describes the “center” of the data slightly differently.

Measures for Grouped Data

For grouped (class-interval) data, the mean is estimated using class midpoints weighted by frequency, the median is estimated using the cumulative frequency and the median class, and the mode is estimated using the modal class and its neighboring frequencies.

Range and Standard Deviation

The range (highest value minus lowest value) is the simplest measure of spread. Standard deviation is a more precise measure, describing on average how far each value lies from the mean — a small standard deviation means the data is tightly clustered, while a large one means it’s spread out.

Choosing the Right Measure

Mean is sensitive to extreme values (outliers), while median is not — so median is often preferred for skewed data, such as income distributions. This exercise gives practice recognizing which measure best represents a given data set.

Step-by-Step Solved Examples

Q. No. 1: Find the mean of the data set: 4, 8, 6, 10, 7.

Sum = 4 + 8 + 6 + 10 + 7 = 35

Mean = 35 / 5 = 7

Q. No. 2: Find the median of the data set: 12, 5, 9, 15, 7 (first arrange in order).

Arranged in order: 5, 7, 9, 12, 15

Middle value (3rd of 5 values) = 9

Median = 9

Q. No. 3: Find the mode of the data set: 3, 7, 3, 9, 3, 7, 5.

Count each value: 3 appears 3 times, 7 appears 2 times, 9 and 5 appear once each

The most frequent value is 3

Mode = 3

These three questions are representative samples. The full PDF notes uploaded on this page walk through every question of Exercise 11.2 in the same numbered, step-by-step format, including grouped-data examples.

MCQs, Short Questions & Long Questions from This Exercise

Alongside the main exercise, this page’s uploaded notes are organized the way Punjab Board papers are structured, so students can practice by question type:

• MCQs: Quick questions on identifying the mean, median, or mode of a small data set
• Short Questions: Calculating the mean or median for simple ungrouped data, like Q. No. 1 and 2 above
• Long Questions: Calculating mean, median, or mode for grouped (class-interval) data using the relevant formulas

Where This Matters Beyond This Exercise

Measures of central tendency and dispersion are the culmination of this chapter, connecting directly back to the cumulative frequency and ogive work from Exercise 11.1, since the median class and quartiles both rely on the same cumulative frequency table. These statistical tools are used everywhere outside the classroom — in sports analytics, quality control, weather forecasting, and economic reporting.

Common Mistakes Students Make in Exercise 11.2

• Forgetting to arrange data in order before finding the median
• For an even number of values, forgetting to average the two middle values for the median
• Confusing the mode (most frequent value) with the mean or median
• Using the wrong class midpoint or boundary when estimating measures for grouped data

Why This Exercise Matters for the Board Exam

Mean, median, and mode questions for grouped data are among the most heavily weighted long-question types in the statistics section, since they require several careful calculation steps in sequence. Presenting the frequency table, the relevant formula, and the substitution clearly tends to earn strong method marks even if a small arithmetic error affects the final answer.

Quick Links – Chapter 11: Information Handling

Links for sections other than Exercise 11.2 will be activated as they are published on this site.

Download Exercise 11.2 Notes PDF

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Are these Exercise 11.2 notes free to download?

Yes, all notes on this page are completely free to view and download in PDF format.

Q2. Which board are these notes for?

These notes are prepared according to the Punjab Board syllabus and are useful for all Punjab boards (Lahore, Gujranwala, Multan, Sargodha, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, DG Khan, Bahawalpur, Sahiwal) as well as the Federal Board (FBISE).

Q3. Which is better — mean, median, or mode?

None is universally “better” — each suits different situations. Mean uses every value but is skewed by outliers; median is more robust for skewed data; mode is useful for categorical or frequently repeated data. Choosing the right one depends on the data and the question being asked.

Q4. Does this page include MCQs and short questions too?

Yes, the uploaded notes include MCQs, short questions, and long questions related to this exercise’s topics, organized by question type to match the board paper pattern.

Q5. How can I download the PDF?

Click the “Download PDF” button above and the notes will open or download directly to your device.

Q6. Are these notes updated for the new 2026–27 syllabus?

Yes, these notes are prepared strictly according to the latest PCTB/PECTAA syllabus for the 2026–27 academic session.

Comments & Feedback

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